Ethical approvalThis study was conducted in accordance with the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT) Policy on Research Ethics.
Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the College of International Transport and Logistics, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt (Approval Date: 14 February 2023).
All research procedures complied with institutional and national guidelines governing studies involving human participants.
Written informed consent was obtained electronically prior to questionnaire participation.
Consent for participation was obtained between (01 March 2023) and (17 July 2023) before any data was collected across the three geographical areas of Alexandria (East, Middle, and West).
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval
This study was conducted in accordance with the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT) Policy on Research Ethics. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the College of International Transport and Logistics, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt (Approval Date: 14 February 2023). Approval number/ID: AASTMT-CITL-REC-2023-017. All research procedures complied with institutional and national guidelines governing studies involving human participants. Approval covered the administration of online questionnaires and conducted among adult participants across the three geographical sectors of Alexandria (East, Middle, and West) as part of the investigation of societal barriers to LMD technology adoption.
Informed consent
All participants were adults (aged 18 years and above) who voluntarily took part in the study after being informed of its objectives, confidentiality safeguard standards, and their right to withdraw at any stage without consequence. Written informed consent was obtained electronically prior to questionnaire participation. The consent form clearly stated that no personal identifiers would be collected, that data would be used solely for academic and research purposes, and that all information would remain strictly confidential and anonymous. Consent for participation was obtained between (01 March 2023) and (17 July 2023) before any data was collected across the three geographical areas of Alexandria (East, Middle, and West).
