Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approvalNo human participants, human tissue, or animal subjects were involved in this study.
All experimental procedures and methods were carried out in strict accordance with the relevant national and international guidelines and regulations for environmental engineering and sludge treatment research.
No institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee approval was required for the present study, and informed consent was not applicable as no human subjects were involved.
Consent for publicationAll authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval
No human participants, human tissue, or animal subjects were involved in this study. All experimental procedures and methods were carried out in strict accordance with the relevant national and international guidelines and regulations for environmental engineering and sludge treatment research. No institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee approval was required for the present study, and informed consent was not applicable as no human subjects were involved.
Consent for publication
All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
