b, Growth curves of MRSA under the treatment of Bip-FK9 at different concentrations from 4 to 32 μM.
c, MRSA viability upon treatment with Bip-FK9 (32 μM) at 8 hours.
e, The viability of MRSA under the treatment of the treated MRSA.
h, Dynamic curves of the fluorescence intensity of PI in the treated MRSA solution over time.
j, The fluorescence intensity of the ROS probe DCFH-DA in MRSA treated with Bip-FF, K7, and Bip-FK9, respectively.
a, The cryo-electron microscope (Cryo-EM) images of Bip-FF and K7 in the PBS buffer. Scale bar, 100 nm. b, Growth curves of MRSA under the treatment of Bip-FK9 at different concentrations from 4 to 32 μM. c, MRSA viability upon treatment with Bip-FK9 (32 μM) at 8 hours. The minimum detectable concentration of MRSA strains is 1 × 102 CFU mL−1. The data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3). d, Fluorescence images of MRSA biofilm treated with Bip-FF, K7, and Bip-FK9. Live bacteria were stained with SYTO9 (green), and dead bacteria were stained with PI (red). Scale bar, 160 μm. e, The viability of MRSA under the treatment of the treated MRSA. f, The antibacterial efficiency of Bip-FK9 across multiple cycles of use. g, The viability of A549 cells was assessed following treatment with Omiganan, Pexiganan acetate, OP-145, Ghrelin, Magainin II, Ovispirin, Melittin, and Bip-FK9 for 24 hours. Additionally, the time required for Bip-FK9 and these classical antimicrobial peptides at a concentration of 128 μM to reduce bacterial counts from 1 × 108 CFU mL−1 to the detection limit was evaluated. ‘120 d time’ means greater than or equal to 120 mins. h, Dynamic curves of the fluorescence intensity of PI in the treated MRSA solution over time. The 1% Triton X-100 group serves as a positive control. Higher fluorescence signals indicate greater damage to the bacterial membrane. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3). i, The antibacterial efficiency of Bip-FK9 in the MRSA suspension at different time points. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3). j, The fluorescence intensity of the ROS probe DCFH-DA in MRSA treated with Bip-FF, K7, and Bip-FK9, respectively. A stronger fluorescence intensity means higher levels of ROS in MRSA. DCFH-DA, 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3).
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